Projects
Insect flight
- origin of flight and wings
Winged insects are the first flight-capable animals evolved on land. To decipher the principles underlying the complex architecture of insect flight, I examined the biomechanics and evolutionary transitions between wingless and fully-winged forms. Specifically, I study the transition between flapping and non-flapping wings and the transition between powered flapping flight, gliding and parachuting. The stick insects (Phasmatodea) with a diversity of wing morphologies is my model system. (Zeng et al., 2020; Zeng et al., 2023)
keywords wings, flapping, elasticity, inertia, legs, forest canopy, powered flight, gliding
Aerial Righting & Gliding
- controlled aerial behaviors with wings or legs
keywords legs / forest canopy / stability / control
Many wingless arboreal animals can glide and perform agile aerial maneuvers. To understand the aerodynamic utilities of non-wing appendages and its relationship with the evolution of wings, I study various non-flight aerial behaviors, such as righting, falling and gliding. These study systems include a diversity of arthropods that glide and fly, such as stick insects, ants and, most recently, orchid mantises with petal-shaped legs.
Shape-shifting appendages
Rapid maneuvers mediated by shape-shifting appendages and body.
Tadpole Biomechanics
- coming soon
Feeding and locomotion in frog tadpoles.
Ballistic Appendages
- Rapid projection and retraction
Chameleons and many lungless salamanders can quickly project their tongues to capture distant prey. In both animals, tongues function as ballistic appendage for rapid reach-and-retrieval. Both ballistic tongue systems feature a tubular accelerator muscle coupled with tapered skeletal elements and slender, elongated retractor muscles. I study the biomechanical principles underlying the efficiency and versatility of these intriguing designs.
keywords predator-prey / rapid movement / precision control
Hagfish thread
- Packaging of the longest intra-cellular fiber
Hagfish can eject a highly dilute yet strong slime to defend against predators. This slime contains threads that rival spider silk in strength and are the longest known intracellular fibers. My research addresses the developmental mechanism and evolutionary origin of this intriguing bio-material.
(Zeng et al., 2021; Zeng et al., 2023)
keywords biofiber / predator-prey / intracellular / morphogenesis
Flagellated carpooling
- a noval bacterial locomotion
Most microorganisms are known to either swim by a flagellum or passively disperse with flow. My research reveals a new mode built on division-of-labor in the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, where immotile cells and flagellated cells aggregate and roll like wheels.
keywords microorgnaism / colonial transport / fluid dynamics
Acknowledgements
2023
- Beyond winglets: evolutionary scaling of flight-related morphology in stick insects (Phasmatodea)Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2023
- Air-to-land transitions: from wingless animals and plant seeds to shuttlecocks and bio-inspired robotsBioinspiration & biomimetics, 2023
- Petal-shaped femoral lobes facilitate gliding in orchid mantisesCurrent Biology, 2023
- Epidermal threads reveal the origin of hagfish slimeElife, 2023
2021
- Evolution of a remarkable intracellular polymer and extreme cell allometry in hagfishesCurrent Biology, 2021
2020
- A tale of winglets: evolution of flight morphology in stick insectsFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2020
- Canopy parkour: movement ecology of post-hatch dispersal in a gliding nymphal stick insect, Extatosoma tiaratumJournal of Experimental Biology, 2020
- Self-propelling and rolling of a sessile-motile aggregate of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentusCommunications Biology, 2020
2018
- Biomechanics of omnidirectional strikes in flat spidersJournal of Experimental Biology, 2018
2017
- Biomechanics of aerial righting in wingless nymphal stick insectsInterface Focus, 2017
2015
- Visual ecology of directed aerial descent in first-instar nymphs of the stick insect Extatosoma tiaratumThe Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015
2011
- Aerial righting reflexes in flightless animals2011